Thermoeconomic Assessment and Modeling of the Potential for Organic Fertilizer Production from Farm Animal Manure in Latin America: Towards Sustainable and Circular Agriculture
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Latin American and Caribbean Consortium of Engineering Institutions
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This document presents a thermoeconomic mathematical model to quantify the potential of bioenergy that could be generated in Latin America (LATAM) under the circular economy approach. The study focuses on the valorization of livestock manure, an abundant resource in the region, for the production of biofertilizers and biogas, thereby contributing to agricultural and energy sustainability. A calculation model is developed to estimate the number of biodigesters required based on a scenario of partial manure collection, considering the specificities of each country in terms of resource availability and energy needs. The model quantifies the potential production of biogas, which can be used as a renewable energy source, and biofertilizers, which improve soil fertility and reduce dependence on chemical fertilizers. Additionally, three types of biodigesters developed within the framework of this research are detailed, each adapted to different contexts and production scales. These biodigesters have been field-tested, with results endorsed by the Ministry of Agriculture of Peru, ensuring their effectiveness and applicability in real-world conditions. The produced biofertilizers have proven to be of high quality, meeting agronomic standards and promoting organic agriculture. The thermoeconomic analysis includes a detailed assessment of the required investments for the implementation of biodigesters, as well as the return on investment (ROI) rate per country. This analysis demonstrates that, despite initial costs, the adoption of this technology is economically viable and profitable in the medium to long term, especially when considering the associated environmental and social benefits. The results of this research have significant implications for climate change mitigation, as biogas production reduces methane emissions, a potent greenhouse gas, and biofertilizers promote more sustainable agricultural practices. Furthermore, the study contributes to food security by enhancing agricultural productivity and reducing dependence on external inputs. In conclusion, this work not only provides a robust tool for planning and decision-making in the agricultural and energy sectors of LATAM but also promotes the transition toward a circular economy and sustainable agriculture, aligning with the United Nations' Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs). The implementation of these technologies represents an opportunity to drive rural development, reduce poverty, and ensure a more sustainable future for the region. © 2025 Elsevier B.V., All rights reserved.
Palabras clave
Bioenergy, Biofertilizer, Biogas, Circular economy, Decentralized generation, Green hydrogen