Automated household-based water disinfection system for rural communities: Field trials and community appropriation

Vista sencilla de ítem
dc.contributor.affiliationHincapié M., Faculty of Engineering, University of Medellin, Carretera 87 30-65, Medellin, 050026, Colombia
dc.contributor.affiliationGaldós-Balzategui A., Cántaro Azul, Calle Franz Bloom 4, Barrio de Cuxtitali, San Cristóbal de Las Casas, Chiapas, Mexico
dc.contributor.affiliationFreitas B.L.S., São Carlos School of Engineering, University of São Paulo, Department of Hydraulics and Sanitation, Avenida Trabalhador São-carlense 400, São Paulo, São Carlos, 13566-590, Brazil
dc.contributor.affiliationReygadas F., Cántaro Azul, Calle Franz Bloom 4, Barrio de Cuxtitali, San Cristóbal de Las Casas, Chiapas, Mexico
dc.contributor.affiliationSabogal-Paz L.P., São Carlos School of Engineering, University of São Paulo, Department of Hydraulics and Sanitation, Avenida Trabalhador São-carlense 400, São Paulo, São Carlos, 13566-590, Brazil
dc.contributor.affiliationPichel N., School of Experimental Sciences and Technology, Rey Juan Carlos University, c/Tulipán s/n, Móstoles, 28933, Spain, Nanotechnology and Integrated Bioengineering Centre, School of Engineering, Ulster University, York St, Northern Ireland, Belfast, BT15 1AP, United Kingdom
dc.contributor.affiliationBotero L., Faculty of Engineering, University of Medellin, Carretera 87 30-65, Medellin, 050026, Colombia
dc.contributor.affiliationMontoya L.J., Faculty of Engineering, University of Medellin, Carretera 87 30-65, Medellin, 050026, Colombia
dc.contributor.affiliationGaleano L., Faculty of Engineering, University of Medellin, Carretera 87 30-65, Medellin, 050026, Colombia
dc.contributor.affiliationCarvajal G., Faculty of Engineering, University of Medellin, Carretera 87 30-65, Medellin, 050026, Colombia
dc.contributor.affiliationLubarsky H., Nanotechnology and Integrated Bioengineering Centre, School of Engineering, Ulster University, York St, Northern Ireland, Belfast, BT15 1AP, United Kingdom
dc.contributor.affiliationNg K.Y., Nanotechnology and Integrated Bioengineering Centre, School of Engineering, Ulster University, York St, Northern Ireland, Belfast, BT15 1AP, United Kingdom, School of Engineering, Monash University, Jalan Lagoon Selatan, Selangor Darul Ehsan, Bandar Sunway, 47500, Malaysia
dc.contributor.affiliationPrice R., Nutrition Innovation Centre for Food and Health (NICHE), School of Biomedical Sciences, Ulster University, Cromore Road, Northern Ireland, Coleraine, BT52 1SA, United Kingdom
dc.contributor.affiliationGaihre S., Nanotechnology and Integrated Bioengineering Centre, School of Engineering, Ulster University, York St, Northern Ireland, Belfast, BT15 1AP, United Kingdom, Institute of Applied Health Sciences (IAHS), University of Aberdeen, Foresterhill Road, Aberdeen, AB25 2ZD, United Kingdom
dc.contributor.affiliationByrne J.A., Nanotechnology and Integrated Bioengineering Centre, School of Engineering, Ulster University, York St, Northern Ireland, Belfast, BT15 1AP, United Kingdom
dc.contributor.affiliationFernández-Ibáñez P., Nanotechnology and Integrated Bioengineering Centre, School of Engineering, Ulster University, York St, Northern Ireland, Belfast, BT15 1AP, United Kingdom
dc.contributor.authorHincapié M.
dc.contributor.authorGaldós-Balzategui A.
dc.contributor.authorFreitas B.L.S.
dc.contributor.authorReygadas F.
dc.contributor.authorSabogal-Paz L.P.
dc.contributor.authorPichel N.
dc.contributor.authorBotero L.
dc.contributor.authorMontoya L.J.
dc.contributor.authorGaleano L.
dc.contributor.authorCarvajal G.
dc.contributor.authorLubarsky H.
dc.contributor.authorNg K.Y.
dc.contributor.authorPrice R.
dc.contributor.authorGaihre S.
dc.contributor.authorByrne J.A.
dc.contributor.authorFernández-Ibáñez P.
dc.date.accessioned2025-09-08T14:23:47Z
dc.date.available2025-09-08T14:23:47Z
dc.date.issued2025
dc.descriptionThis research involved a pilot field trial of household-based water treatment and storage for potable water in rural communities of Colombia and Mexico. Through co-creation with the communities, key parameters were considered when designing the systems, including the efficiency of disinfection, the provision of a sufficient volume of treated water, variability of the raw water quality and access to freshwater sources. The water treatment systems were automated with electronic controllers. They consisted of a sedimentation tank (bottom), a treatment unit (pre-filtration followed by UVC disinfection), a pump to move the treated water to a second elevated tank for storing the treated water (150 L or 250 L), and a small distribution network that provided water inside the home by gravity (kitchen and bathroom taps). They were installed at households in rural communities of Colombia (52 systems) and Mexico (187 systems) and the performance was evaluated over 12 consecutive months. Efficiency was evaluated using standard microbial and physicochemical water quality parameters. Treated water turbidity was below the World Health Organization (WHO) recommendation (< 5 NTU) in >97 % of the samples in Colombia and 98.9 % in Mexico. The treatment reduced Escherichia coli to potable levels in all cases, regardless of the initial microbiological load and the variation of the raw water quality. In some cases, an increase in E. coli values was detected in the distribution network within the households (post-storage), although not statistically significant, they represented a ‘moderate risk’. The health risk associated with the water was reduced to ‘low risk’ in >80 % of the treated water samples vs. <10 % before treatment. After 12 months of operation, the household water treatment and storage systems (HWTSs) remained effective for the provision of potable water. © 2025 The Authors
dc.identifier.doi10.1016/j.watres.2025.123888
dc.identifier.instnameinstname:Universidad de Medellínspa
dc.identifier.issn431354
dc.identifier.reponamereponame:Repositorio Institucional Universidad de Medellínspa
dc.identifier.repourlrepourl:https://repository.udem.edu.co/
dc.identifier.urihttp://hdl.handle.net/11407/9100
dc.language.isoeng
dc.publisher.facultyFacultad de Ingenieríasspa
dc.publisher.programIngeniería Civilspa
dc.publisher.programIngeniería Ambientalspa
dc.relation.citationvolume284
dc.relation.isversionofhttps://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-105006799411&doi=10.1016%2fj.watres.2025.123888&partnerID=40&md5=5f151648cdd02d1ad9ae49fa9eca1ac7
dc.relation.referencesAfkhami A., Matotta M., Dixon D., Ternan N.G., Montoya-Jaramillo L.J., Hincapie M., Galeano L., Fernandez-Ibanez P., Dunlop P.S.M., Assessment of low-cost cartridge filters for implementation in household drinking water treatment systems, J. Water Process Eng., 39, (2021)
dc.relation.referencesAiken B.A., Stauber C.E., Ortiz G.M., Sobsey M.D., An assessment of continued use and health impact of the concrete biosand filters in Bonao, Dominican Republic, Am. J. Trop. Med. Hyg, 85, 2, pp. 309-317, (2011)
dc.relation.referencesAmrose S., Burt Z., Ray I., Safe drinking water for low-income regions, Annu. Rev. Env. Resour, 40, pp. 203-231, (2015)
dc.relation.referencesBaldasso V., Lubarsky H., Pichel N., Turolla A., Antonelli M., Hincapie M., Botero L., Reygadas F., Galdos-Balzategui A., Byrne J.A., Fernandez-Ibanez P., UVC inactivation of MS2-phage in drinking water – Modelling and field testing, Water Res, 203, (2021)
dc.relation.referencesBrown J., Sobsey M., Loomis D., Local drinking water filters reduce diarrhoea disease in Cambodia: a randomized, controlled trial of the ceramic water purifier, Am. J. Trop. Med. Hyg, 79, 3, pp. 394-400, (2008)
dc.relation.referencesCassivi A., Guilherme S., Bain R., Tilley E., Waygood E.O.D., Dorea C., Drinking water accessibility and quantity in low and middle-income countries: a systematic review, Int. J. Hyg. Env. Health, 222, 7, pp. 1011-1020, (2019)
dc.relation.referencesChauque B.J.M., Issufo M., Benitez G.B., Cossa V.C., Chauque L.G.H., Stauber C.E., Benetti A.D., Rott M.B., Why do low-cost point-of-use water treatment technologies succeed or fail in combining waterborne diseases in the field? A systematic review, J. Env. Chem. Engin, 11, 5, (2023)
dc.relation.referencesClasen T., Haller L., Walker D., Bartram J., Cairncross S., Cost-effectiveness of water quality interventions for preventing diarrhoeal disease in developing countries, J. Water Health, 5, 4, pp. 599-608, (2007)
dc.relation.referencesClasen T., McLaughlin C., Nayaar N., Boisson S., Gupta R., Et al., Microbiological effectiveness and cost of disinfecting water by boiling in semi-urban India, Am. J. Trop. Med. Hyg, 79, pp. 407-413, (2008)
dc.relation.referencesClasen T.F., Thao D.H., Boisson S., Shipin O., Microbiological effectiveness and cost of boiling to disinfect drinking water in rural Vietnam, Env. Sci. Technol, 42, pp. 4255-4260, (2008)
dc.relation.referencesResolution 2115, National Regulation on Quality Control Tools, Frequency, and Testing of Water for Human Consumption, (2007)
dc.relation.referencesColwell R.R., Hup A., Islam M.S., Aziz K.M.A., Yunus M., Khan N.H., Mahmud A., Sack R.B., Nair G.B., Chakraborty J., Sack D.A., Russek-Cohen E., Reduction of cholera in Bangladesh villages by simple filtration, Proc. Nat. Ac. Sci, 100, 3, pp. 1051-1055, (2003)
dc.relation.referencesConroy R.M., Elmore-Meegan M., Joyce T., McGuigan K.G., Barnes J., Solar disinfection of drinking water and diarrhoea in Maasai children: a controlled field trial, Lancet, 348, 9043, pp. 1695-1697, (1996)
dc.relation.referencesCronk R., Tracy J.W., Bartram J., The influence of seasonality and multiple water source use on household water service levels, Clean. Water, 1, (2024)
dc.relation.referencesde Melo Neto M.G., Freitas B.L., Fava N.N., Sabogal-Paz L.P., Rainwater treatment system efficiency: household slow sand filter combined with UVC lamp disinfection, J. Water Proc. Engin, 58, (2024)
dc.relation.referencesEnger K.S., Nelson K.L., Rose J.B., Eisenberg J.N.S., The joint effects of efficacy and compliance: A study of household water treatment effectiveness against childhood diarrhoea, Water Research, 47, 3, pp. 1181-1190, (2013)
dc.relation.referencesFalcone M., Salvinelli C., Bah M., Thomas S., Effectiveness of a water-vending kiosk intervention towards household water quality and surveyed water security in Freetown, Sierra Leone. Sci. Tot. Env., 875, (2023)
dc.relation.referencesFoster T., Predictors of sustainability for community-managed handpumps in sub-Saharan Africa: evidence from Liberia, Sierra Leone Uganda, Env., Sci, Technol, 47, 21, pp. 12037-12046, (2013)
dc.relation.referencesHaque S., Kirby M.A., Iyakaremye L., Gebremariam A., Tessema G., Thomas E., Chang H.H., Clasen T., Effects of adding household water filters to Rwanda's Community-Based Environmental Health Promotion Programme: a cluster-randomized controlled trial in Rwamagana district, npj Clean Water, 5, (2022)
dc.relation.referencesHayashi M.A.L., Eisenberg M.C., Eisenberg J.N.S., Linking Decision Theory and Quantitative Microbial Risk Assessment: Trade-offs Between Compliance and Efficacy for Waterborne Disease Interventions, Risk Analysis, 39, 10, pp. 2214-2226, (2019)
dc.relation.referencesHoward G., Pedley S., Tibatemwa S., Quantitative microbial risk assessment to estimate health risk attributable to water supply: can the technique be applied to developing countries with limited data, J. Water Health, 4, 1, pp. 49-65, (2006)
dc.relation.referencesHull N.M., Linden K.G., Synergy of MS2 disinfection by sequential exposure to tailored UV wavelengths, Water Res, 143, pp. 292-300, (2018)
dc.relation.referencesIjima Y., Kararna M., Oundo J.O., Honda T., Prevention of Bacterial Diarrhea by Pasteurizationof Drinking Water in Kenya, Microbiol. Immunol., 45, 6, pp. 413-416, (2001)
dc.relation.referencesKayser G.L., Moomaw W., Portillo J.M.O., Griffiths J.K., Circuit rider post-construction support: improvements in domestic water quality and system sustainability in El Salvador, J. Water Sanit, Hyg, Dev., 4, 3, pp. 460-470, (2014)
dc.relation.referencesKhan J.R., Hossain B., Chakraborty P.A., Mistry S.K., Household drinking water E. coli contamination and its associated risk with childhood diarrhoea in Bangladesh, Env., Sci, Poll, Res, 29, pp. 32180-32189, (2022)
dc.relation.referencesLane K., Reckhow D., Tobiason J., Kumpel E., Triple-bottom-line approach for comparing point-of-use/point-of-entry to centralized water treatment, AWWA Water Sci., 5, 2, (2023)
dc.relation.referencesLindmark M., Cherukumilli K., Crider Y.S., Marcenac P., Lozier M., Voth-Gaeddert L., Lantagne D.S., Mihelcic J.R., Zhang Q.M., Just C., Pickering A.J., Passive In-line chlorination for drinking water disinfection: a critical review, Env. Sci Technol, 56, 13, pp. 9164-9181, (2022)
dc.relation.referencesLiu G., Bakker G.L., Li S., Vreeburg J.H.G., Verberk J.Q.J.C., Medema G.J., Liu W.T., Van Dijk J.C., Pyrosequencing reveals bacterial communities in unchlorinated drinking water distribution system: an integral study of bulk water, suspended solids, loose deposits, and pipe wall biofilm, Env., Sci, Technol, 48, 10, pp. 5467-5476, (2014)
dc.relation.referencesLiu S., Gunawan C., Barraud N., Rice S.A., Harry E.J., Amal R., Understanding, monitoring, and controlling biofilm growth in drinking water distribution systems, Env., Sci, Technol, 50, 17, pp. 8954-8976, (2016)
dc.relation.referencesMaciel P.M.F., Fava N.D.M.N., Lamon A.W., Fernandez-Ibanez P., Byrne J.A., Sabogal-Paz L.P., Household water purification system comprising cartridge filtration, UVC disinfection and chlorination to treat turbid raw water, J. Water Proc, Engin, 43, (2021)
dc.relation.referencesMandara C.G., Butijn C., Niehof A., Community management and sustainability of rural water facilities in Tanzania, Water Policy, 15, 2, pp. 79-100, (2013)
dc.relation.referencesNom-127-Ssa1-2021, National Guidance On Water For Human Use and Consumption, (2021)
dc.relation.referencesFact Sheet No. 35, The Right to Water, (2010)
dc.relation.referencesOliveira M.I., Becerra Gomes I., Chaves Simoes L., Simoes M., A review of research advances on disinfection strategies for biofilm control in drinking water distribution systems, Water Res, 253, (2024)
dc.relation.referencesPichel N., Lubarsky H., Afkhami A., Baldasso V., Botero L., Salazar J., Hincapie M., Byrne J.A., Fernandez-Ibanez P., Safe drinking water for rural communities using a low-cost household system. Effects of water matrix and field testing, J. Water Process Engin, 44, (2021)
dc.relation.referencesPruss-Ustun A., Wolf J., Bartram J., Clasen T., Cumming O., Freeman M.C., Gordon B., Hunter P.R., Medlicott K., Johnston R., Burden of disease from inadequate water, sanitation and hygiene for selected adverse health outcomes: an updated analysis with a focus on low- and middle-income countries, Int, J. Hyg, Env., Health, 222, pp. 765-777, (2019)
dc.relation.referencesReygadas F., Gruber J.S., Ray I., Nelson K.L., Field efficacy evaluation and post-treatment contamination risk assessment of an ultraviolet disinfection and safe storage system, Water Res, 85, 15, pp. 74-84, (2015)
dc.relation.referencesRoldan-Rojas L.F., Megerle A., Diario Americano de Desarrollo Rural, 1, pp. 106-115, (2023)
dc.relation.referencesRosa G., Miller L., Clasen T., Microbiological effectiveness of disinfecting water by boiling in rural Guatemala, Am, J. Trop, Med, Hyg, 82, pp. 473-477, (2010)
dc.relation.referencesShate A.A., Hinge D.V., Watve M.G., Water treatment and diarrhoea, Lancet, 345, 9023, pp. 335-336, (1996)
dc.relation.referencesSolomon E.T., Robele S., Kloos H., Mengistie B., Effect of household water treatment with chlorine on diarrhoea among children under the age of five years in rural areas of Dire Dawa, eastern Ethiopia: a cluster randomized controlled trial, Infect Dis Poverty, 9, 1, (2020)
dc.relation.referencesThe Right to Water, Fact Sheet No. 35, (2010)
dc.relation.referencesUN Water SDG 6 Portal, (2022)
dc.relation.referencesBuilding Access to Clean Water in Support of Sustainable Development Goal 6, (2023)
dc.relation.referencesProgress On Household Drinking water, Sanitation and Hygiene 2000–2022: Special Focus On Gender, (2023)
dc.relation.referencesHealth Risks from Microbial Growth and Biofilms in Drinking Water Distribution Systems, (2002)
dc.relation.referencesvan der Wielen P.W.J.J., Maarten C.L., Distribution of microbial activity and specific microorganisms across sediment size fractions and pipe wall biofilm in a drinking water distribution system, Water Sci. Technol.: Water Supply, 16, 4, pp. 896-904, (2016)
dc.relation.referencesWatkins K., Human Development Report 2006-Beyond scarcity: Power, Poverty and the Global Water Crisis, (2006)
dc.relation.referencesWedgworth J.C., Brown J., Johnson P., Olson J.B., Elliott M., Foreh R., Stauber C.E., Associations between perceptions of drinking water service delivery and measured drinking water quality in rural Alabama, Int, J. Env., Res, Public Health, 11, 7, pp. 7376-7392, (2014)
dc.relation.referencesResults of Round II of the WHO International Scheme to Evaluate Household Water Treatment Technologies, (2019)
dc.relation.referencesGuidelines For Drinking-Water quality: Fourth Edition Incorporating the First and Second Addenda, (2022)
dc.relation.referencesGuidelines For Drinking-Water quality: Small Water Supplies, (2024)
dc.relation.referencesWolf J., Hubbard S., Brauer M., Ambelu A., Arnold B.F., Bain R., Bauza V., Brown J., Caruso B.A., Clasen T., Calford J.M., Freeman M.C., Gordon B., Et al., Effectiveness of interventions to improve drinking water, sanitation, and handwashing with soap on risk of diarrhoea disease in children in low-income and middle-income settings: a systematic review and meta-analysis, Lancet, 400, 10345, pp. 48-59, (2022)
dc.rights.accesoRestricted access
dc.rights.accessrightsinfo:eu-repo/semantics/restrictedAccess
dc.sourceWater Research
dc.sourceWater Res.
dc.sourceScopus
dc.subjectDrinking water quality
dc.subjectIntervention
dc.subjectPoint-of-use technologies
dc.subjectRural communities
dc.subjectSDG6
dc.subjectColombia
dc.subjectMexico [North America]
dc.subjectChemical water treatment
dc.subjectColombia
dc.subjectDrinking-water qualities
dc.subjectField trial
dc.subjectIntervention
dc.subjectMe-xico
dc.subjectPoint-of-use
dc.subjectPoint-of-use technology
dc.subjectRaw water quality
dc.subjectRural community
dc.subjectSDG6
dc.subjectdisinfection
dc.subjectdrinking water
dc.subjectfield survey
dc.subjecthealth risk
dc.subjectrural population
dc.subjectSustainable Development Goal
dc.subjectwater quality
dc.subjectwater treatment
dc.subjectWorld Health Organization
dc.subjectWater hardness
dc.titleAutomated household-based water disinfection system for rural communities: Field trials and community appropriation
dc.typeArticle
dc.type.localArtículospa
dc.type.versioninfo:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion

Archivos

Colecciones

Indexados Scopus