La pobreza multidimensional y la pobreza extrema en México 2022
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Universidad de Medellín
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El objetivo del trabajo fue establecer si la pobreza se incrementó o disminuyó en México durante los últimos años, así como indicar en qué entidades federativas se padece en mayor medida. El ensayo siguió el método deductivo, paradigma hermenéutico, enfoque analítico y diseño explicativo. La pobreza multidimensional será aquella donde se carece de alguno de estos seis indicadores (educación, salud, seguridad social, vivienda, acceso a alimentación nutritiva y de calidad); mientras que la pobreza extrema permite identificar a la población que, aun destinando todo su ingreso a la compra de alimentos, no puede adquirir la canasta alimentaria, y la pobreza moderada es la que sí puede adquirirla. En 2022, 46,8 millones de mexicanos padecen de pobreza multidimensional (36,3 % de la población), conformándose por 37,7 millones con pobreza moderada (29,2 %) y 9,1 millones con pobreza extrema (7,1 %); además, 56,1 millones padecen pobreza por ingreso (43,2 %). Las entidades con mayor pobreza multidimensional son: Chiapas con el 67,4 %; Guerrero, 60,4 %; Oaxaca, 58,4 %; Puebla, 54 %; Veracruz, 51,7 %; y Estado de México, 42,9 %. Estas seis entidades concentran a 24 millones de personas (55,6 % del total), y son las mismas con mayor pobreza extrema (6,1 millones de personas, que representan el 67,5 % del total). A nivel internacional, México ocupa la posición 70 de 111 naciones en el Índice de Pobreza Multidimensional.
The objective of the study was to establish whether poverty has increased or decreased in Mexico in recent years, as well as to indicate in which states it is most prevalent. The essay followed the deductive method, hermeneutic paradigm, analytical approach and explanatory design. Multidimensional poverty is the lack of any of these six indicators (education, health, social security, housing, access to nutritious and quality food), while extreme poverty identifies the population that, even if all their income is used to buy food, cannot afford the food basket, and moderate poverty is the population that can afford it. In 2022, 46.8 million Mexicans suffer from multidimensional poverty (36.3% of the population), comprising 37.7 million with moderate poverty (29.2%) and 9.1 million with extreme poverty (7.1%); and 56.1 million with income poverty (43.2%). The entities with the highest multidimensional poverty are: Chiapas 67.4%; Guerrero 60.4%; Oaxaca 58.4%; Puebla 54%; Veracruz 51.7% and State of Mexico 42.9%; these six entities concentrate 24 million people (55.6% of the total), same entities with the highest extreme poverty (6.1 million people: 67.5% of the total). Internationally, Mexico ranks 70th out of 111 nations in which the Multidimensional Poverty Index is measured.
The objective of the study was to establish whether poverty has increased or decreased in Mexico in recent years, as well as to indicate in which states it is most prevalent. The essay followed the deductive method, hermeneutic paradigm, analytical approach and explanatory design. Multidimensional poverty is the lack of any of these six indicators (education, health, social security, housing, access to nutritious and quality food), while extreme poverty identifies the population that, even if all their income is used to buy food, cannot afford the food basket, and moderate poverty is the population that can afford it. In 2022, 46.8 million Mexicans suffer from multidimensional poverty (36.3% of the population), comprising 37.7 million with moderate poverty (29.2%) and 9.1 million with extreme poverty (7.1%); and 56.1 million with income poverty (43.2%). The entities with the highest multidimensional poverty are: Chiapas 67.4%; Guerrero 60.4%; Oaxaca 58.4%; Puebla 54%; Veracruz 51.7% and State of Mexico 42.9%; these six entities concentrate 24 million people (55.6% of the total), same entities with the highest extreme poverty (6.1 million people: 67.5% of the total). Internationally, Mexico ranks 70th out of 111 nations in which the Multidimensional Poverty Index is measured.
Palabras clave
Poor, Poverty analysis, Poverty growth, Poverty line, Poverty measurement, Análisis de la pobreza, Crecimiento de la pobreza, Línea de la pobreza, Medición de la pobreza, Pobres