On the directional distributions of the observation-based wind input and dissipation terms in a third-generation wave model
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New observation-based directional spreading functions for the wind input term Sin and the dissipation term Sds have been investigated in third-generation wave models (WAVEWATCH III, ST6 version). In this study we evaluate bimodal directional distribution for Sds and narrower (cos2θ and cos4θ) distributions for Sin. The impact of these new directional functions on the integral wave parameters, as well as the nondirectional and directional spectra, is analyzed through a set of numerical experiments and their results are compared against buoy observations in the Caribbean Sea. Improvements in the estimation of Hs and Tp under wind-sea dominant conditions are presented. For the shape of frequency spectra, the bimodal distribution of Sds causes a weaker energy enhancement by comparison with the narrower distribution of Sin, but it generally shows a better fit than the default functions in the model. The combined effect of both modifications brings larger energy allocation around the main wave propagation direction, generating both an energy increase and a downshift at the spectral peak. These findings suggest the relevance of including realistic directional distributions and reveal the need for further studies of directional distributions of the source terms. © 2025 The Authors
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Directional distribution, Dissipation term, Spectral wave modeling, WAVEWATCH III, Wind input term, Directional distributions, Directional spreading, Dissipation term, Spectral wave models, Third generation, Wave modelling, Waves parameters, Wavewatch-iii, Wind input, Wind input term, data buoy, dissipation, spectral analysis, wave modeling, wind wave, Wave propagation