Descripción de la apropiación de las operaciones aritméticas suma y resta en el conjunto de los números naturales en los grados sexto, en las Instituciones Educativas María de los Ángeles Cano Márquez e Instituto Vicarial Jesús Maestro

Abstract

Mathematics is a science where the greatest antipathy is seen by students, this may be due to various factors of social, cognitive, pedagogical nature, among others. As a result of this rejection of low mathematics that students get results in national and international competitions (ICFES PISA SERCE) are evidenced. It is necessary to know which causes the teaching-learning process cause this problem; as researchers analyze teaching strategies that are present in the classroom; these strategies will be studied from textbooks, teaching practice and student participation. For us as teachers is vital ownership of addition and subtraction in the students and offering them significant foundations for the acquisition of new mathematical concepts that are fundamental to their ongoing academic process. We begin with theories based on the informal knowledge of children from their early age (Caballero, 2005), and psycho - cognitive theories about the stages of children in the mean number and specific operations for our undergraduate students sixth (Piaget, 1991). To make this work Baremación model proposed by Thomas Ortega (1996) for the assessment of issues including textbooks contextual nature of our educational institutions shall be based; as an accompaniment to allow teachers and students observe and describe strategies used and the degree of ownership of the operations of addition and subtraction in the set of natural numbers. It was shown according to the methodology used in measuring instruments, that 70% of students lack reading comprehension, interpretation and organization of data; difficulty arises in the application of the arithmetic operation to use and the use of the decimal position in the development of the problems. This research is applied to a sixth-grade class and teachers who teach at this level of educational institutions MARÍA DE LOS ÁNGELES CANO MÁRQUEZ and INSTITUTO VICARIAL JESÚS MAESTRO.