Effective phosphorus removal using transformed water hyacinth: Performance evaluation in fixed-bed columns and practical applications
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This study introduces calcined water hyacinth (CWH), processed at 650◦C, as a novel and environmentally friendly adsorbent for phosphorus (P) removal from wastewater. Building on previous findings that identified CWH as a rich source of metal oxides and hydroxides (e.g., Ca(OH)2, Al2O3, MgO, Fe3O4), this research explores its application in fixed-bed column systems for continuous adsorption processes. The study demonstrates that CWH effectively removes phosphorus through apatite formation, showcasing its potential for real-world water treatment. The phosphorus adsorption capacity increased from 23.64 to 26.55 mg/g when the flow rate was reduced from 1.5 to 0.5 mL/min. Breakthrough curves fitted to the Thomas, Adams-Bohart, and Yoon-Nelson models provided critical insights into column performance, while the Bed Depth Service Time (BDST) model confirmed the feasibility of employing CWH in continuous-flow systems. The practical tests on synthetic municipal wastewater, which revealed a maximum adsorption capacity of 5.20 mg/g, further demonstrated CWH’s effectiveness for treating wastewater with low phosphorus concentrations, providing reassurance about its real-world applicability. Furthermore, the study found that increasing the adsorbent height improved column performance by extending breakthrough and exhaustion times, whereas higher flow rates led to faster saturation and reduced capacity. The exhausted CWH material can be repurposed as a soil amendment or fertilizer feedstock, supporting nutrient recycling. Copyright: © 2024 Ramirez-Muñoz et al. This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited.
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Aluminum oxide, Calcium hydroxide, Magnesium oxide, Phosphorus, Adams-Bohart model, Adsorption, Article, Bed depth service time model, Eichhornia crassipes, Energy dispersive X ray spectroscopy, Enhanced biological phosphorus removal, Flow rate, Mathematical model, Municipal wastewater, Particle size, Scanning electron microscopy, Thomas model, Waste water management, Wastewater, Yoon-Nelson model