Maquiavelo, la ética, la moral y la política en la era de la gestión estratégica de las organizaciones
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Facultad de Ciencias Económicas y Administrativas
Universidad de Medellín
Universidad de Medellín
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En este acápite exhibiremos los principales postulados del pensamiento desarrollado por Maquiavelo en su obra magna el “Príncipe”, y cuya relación con la ética, la moral, la estrategia y la política, y examinando su capacidad de observación, ya que él haciendo la vista gorda de la realidad política de su tiempo, propuso separar la acción política de los preceptos morales tradicionales argumentando que el gobernante para mantenerse en el poder, a menudo debe actuar de maneras que podrían considerarse inmorales, justificando la poca importancia de los deberes y la responsabilidad del gobernante de turno de propiciar la estabilidad del Estado. Acudiendo para ello a un nuevo precepto de "conciencia de Estado" que implicaba que los fines estaban por encima de los medios y por ende pregonaba que la supervivencia y prosperidad del Estado, tomaban caminos que intentaban justificar medios que, de otra forma, serían reprobables, abandonando la perspectiva ética convencional. Hoy en día justo en la mitad de la tercera década del siglo XXI, notamos que algunos de los estadistas actuales, en una era de gestión política estratégica, en el que las organizaciones y los estados rivalizan en entornos complejos y volátiles, la influencia maquiavélica se manifiesta en la toma de decisiones que priorizan la efectividad y la consecución de objetivos sobre consideraciones éticas o morales estrictas, sobreponiendo sus intereses particulares por encima de los intereses generales del pueblo, y transmitiendo la idea de que es lo mejor que pudiese pasar bajo ciertas situaciones poco diáfanas, y justificándose en que la gestión estratégica implica la formulación e implementación de planes para alcanzar ventajas competitivas sostenibles, sin importar el bienestar del pueblo. No obstante, es esencial reconocer que una interpretación estrictamente maquiavélica puede ser compleja, dado que las entidades actuales maniobran bajo un escrutinio público y legal mucho mayor que en el siglo XVI, y que la reputación, la responsabilidad social corporativa, la acción social y la sostenibilidad a largo plazo son factores cada vez más importantes. Finalmente, este trabajo tiene como propósito comprender el pensamiento de Maquiavelo y traerlo al presente, para ello se ha diseñado una rubrica de lectura y un ejercicio taller la prueba de Maquiavelo, con el fin de determinar qué tan maquiavélicos somos.
In this section, we will present the main tenets of Machiavelli's thinking as developed in his magnum opus, The Prince, and examine their relationship to ethics, morality, strategy, and politics, and examining his capacity for observation, since he turned a blind eye to the political reality of his time and proposed separating political action from traditional moral precepts, arguing that in order to remain in power, rulers must often act in ways that could be considered immoral, justifying the insignificance of the duties and responsibilities of the ruler in office to promote the stability of the state. To this end, they resorted to a new precept of “state consciousness” which implied that the ends were above the means and therefore proclaimed that the survival and prosperity of the state took paths that attempted to justify means that would otherwise be reprehensible, abandoning the conventional ethical perspective. Today, halfway through the third decade of the 21st century, we note that some of today's statesmen, in an era of strategic political management, in which organizations and states compete in complex and volatile environments, Machiavellian influence is manifested in decision-making that prioritizes effectiveness and the achievement of objectives over strict ethical or moral considerations, placing their particular interests above the general interests of the people, and conveying the idea that this is the best that could happen under certain unclear situations, justifying themselves by saying that strategic management involves the formulation and implementation of plans to achieve sustainable competitive advantages, regardless of the welfare of the people. However, it is essential to recognize that a strictly Machiavellian interpretation can be complex, given that today's entities operate under much greater public and legal scrutiny than in the 16th century, and that reputation, corporate social responsibility, social action, and long-term sustainability are increasingly important factors. Finally, the purpose of this work is to understand Machiavelli's thinking and bring it into the present. To this end, a reading rubric and a workshop exercise called “The Machiavelli Test” have been designed to determine how Machiavellian we are.
In this section, we will present the main tenets of Machiavelli's thinking as developed in his magnum opus, The Prince, and examine their relationship to ethics, morality, strategy, and politics, and examining his capacity for observation, since he turned a blind eye to the political reality of his time and proposed separating political action from traditional moral precepts, arguing that in order to remain in power, rulers must often act in ways that could be considered immoral, justifying the insignificance of the duties and responsibilities of the ruler in office to promote the stability of the state. To this end, they resorted to a new precept of “state consciousness” which implied that the ends were above the means and therefore proclaimed that the survival and prosperity of the state took paths that attempted to justify means that would otherwise be reprehensible, abandoning the conventional ethical perspective. Today, halfway through the third decade of the 21st century, we note that some of today's statesmen, in an era of strategic political management, in which organizations and states compete in complex and volatile environments, Machiavellian influence is manifested in decision-making that prioritizes effectiveness and the achievement of objectives over strict ethical or moral considerations, placing their particular interests above the general interests of the people, and conveying the idea that this is the best that could happen under certain unclear situations, justifying themselves by saying that strategic management involves the formulation and implementation of plans to achieve sustainable competitive advantages, regardless of the welfare of the people. However, it is essential to recognize that a strictly Machiavellian interpretation can be complex, given that today's entities operate under much greater public and legal scrutiny than in the 16th century, and that reputation, corporate social responsibility, social action, and long-term sustainability are increasingly important factors. Finally, the purpose of this work is to understand Machiavelli's thinking and bring it into the present. To this end, a reading rubric and a workshop exercise called “The Machiavelli Test” have been designed to determine how Machiavellian we are.
Palabras clave
Maquiavelo, Estrategia, Moral, Ética, Política, Machiavelli, Strategy, Morality, Ethics, Politics