Out-of-plane cyclic tests of pre-damaged hollow clay masonry school facades retrofitted with bamboo-reinforced mortar

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dc.contributor.affiliationUniversidad EIA, Envigado, Colombia
dc.contributor.affiliationUniversidad de Medellín, Medellin, Colombia
dc.contributor.affiliationUniversidad Militar Nueva Granada, Bogota, Colombia
dc.contributor.affiliationÉcole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
dc.contributor.affiliationUniversidad Nacional de Colombia, Bogota, Colombia
dc.contributor.affiliationCEER, Barranquilla, Colombia
dc.contributor.affiliationUniversidad de La Sabana, Chía, Colombia
dc.contributor.authorBlandón, C.A.
dc.contributor.authorBonett, R.
dc.contributor.authorFeliciano, D.
dc.contributor.authorCarrillo, J.
dc.contributor.authorSavvas, S.
dc.contributor.authorTakeuchi, C.
dc.date.accessioned2025-12-03T19:34:44Z
dc.date.available2025-12-03T19:34:44Z
dc.date.issued2025
dc.descriptionReducing seismic risk in schools is critical to safeguarding education and ensuring community resilience. In Colombia, schools often serve as emergency shelters, yet many rural facilities rely on unreinforced masonry (URM) structures that are highly vulnerable to earthquakes. This study evaluates the seismic performance of URM school buildings in rural Antioquia and examines two low-cost retrofitting schemes using bamboo slats, chicken wire mesh, and mortar. The experimental program included diagonal compression tests on nine small wall panels and full-scale cyclic tests on two masonry façades with flanges at both ends (C-shaped). One façade was tested in the non-retrofitted condition and subsequently retrofitted with the enhanced scheme (bamboo + wire mesh + mortar), while the second was retrofitted with the simplified scheme (bamboo only). Both in-plane and out-of-plane loading protocols were applied. Results showed that the enhanced retrofit increased out-of-plane overturning capacity by 3.8 times, drift capacity by 2.7 times, and energy dissipation by more than six times compared to the non-retrofitted wall. The simplified scheme, while less effective in strength, still prevented brittle failure and improved drift and energy dissipation capacities. These findings demonstrate that bamboo-based retrofits can substantially enhance the safety of rural school buildings, offering a sustainable and low-cost alternative for seismic risk reduction in developing regions. © 2025 Elsevier B.V., All rights reserved.
dc.identifier.doi10.1016/j.istruc.2025.110255
dc.identifier.instnameinstname:Universidad de Medellínspa
dc.identifier.issn23520124
dc.identifier.reponamereponame:Repositorio Institucional Universidad de Medellínspa
dc.identifier.repourlrepourl:https://repository.udem.edu.co/
dc.identifier.urihttp://hdl.handle.net/11407/9235
dc.language.isoeng
dc.publisherElsevier Ltdspa
dc.publisher.facultyFacultad de Ingenieríasspa
dc.publisher.programIngeniería Civilspa
dc.relation.citationvolume81
dc.relation.isversionofhttps://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-105017685415&doi=10.1016%2Fj.istruc.2025.110255&partnerID=40&md5=37eb9458941331ed8779a744a4fc041f
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dc.rights.accesoRestricted access
dc.rights.accessrightsinfo:eu-repo/semantics/restrictedAccess
dc.sourceStructures
dc.sourceScopus
dc.subjectBamboo slats
dc.subjectMasonry
dc.subjectMasonry facades
dc.subjectMasonry retrofitting technique
dc.subjectNon-engineered masonry buildings
dc.subjectOut-of-plane response of facades
dc.subjectOut-of-plane test of masonry
dc.subjectReinforced mortar
dc.subjectUnreinforced
dc.subjectUnreinforced masonry walls
dc.subjectEarthquake engineering
dc.subjectEarthquakes
dc.subjectEnergy dissipation
dc.subjectFacades
dc.subjectMasonry construction
dc.subjectMesh generation
dc.subjectMortar
dc.subjectRetrofitting
dc.subjectRural areas
dc.subjectSchool buildings
dc.subjectTeaching
dc.subjectWalls (structural partitions)
dc.subjectBamboo slat
dc.subjectMasonry
dc.subjectMasonry building
dc.subjectMasonry facade
dc.subjectMasonry retrofitting technique
dc.subjectNon-engineered masonry building
dc.subjectOut-of-plane
dc.subjectOut-of-plane response
dc.subjectOut-of-plane response of facade
dc.subjectOut-of-plane test of masonry
dc.subjectPlane test
dc.subjectReinforced mortar
dc.subjectUn-reinforced masonry walls
dc.subjectUnreinforced
dc.subjectBamboo
dc.subjectReinforcement
dc.titleOut-of-plane cyclic tests of pre-damaged hollow clay masonry school facades retrofitted with bamboo-reinforced mortar
dc.typeArticle
dc.type.localArtículospa
dc.type.versioninfo:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion

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