Inteligencia artificial como sujeto de derechos
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Universidad de Medellín
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La inteligencia artificial (IA) ha adquirido un papel protagónico en múltiples áreas de la vida cotidiana, especialmente en el ámbito jurídico. A partir de esta transformación, la presente investigación se pregunta si la IA puede ser considerado un sujeto de derecho susceptible de derechos dentro del ordenamiento jurídico colombiano. La problemática surge ante la necesidad de adaptar el concepto tradicional de sujeto de derechos vinculando históricamente a seres humanos y más recientemente, a estes naturales para evaluar si la IA puede ser reconocida, por su capacidad de decisión y autonomía, como persona jurídica independiente, incluso con la posibilidad de auto representarse judicialmente La metodología empleada fue de enfoque cualitativo, basada en el análisis normativo, doctrinal y jurisprudencial tanto nacional como internacional, en especial de jurisdicciones con marcos regulatorios avanzados en tecnologías emergentes. Como resultado, se concluye que, aunque actualmente no existe un marco normativo que permita considerar a la IA como sujeto de derechos con plena capacidad procesal, el avance tecnológico y los precedentes legales permiten proyectar esa posibilidad como un debate jurídico necesario y urgente. Así, el estudio propone una reflexión crítica sobre la evolución del derecho frente a los retos que impone la inteligencia artificial y su eventual participación autónoma en procesos judiciales.
Artificial intelligence (AI) has taken on a leading role in many areas of everyday life, especially in the legal field. Based on this transformation, this research asks whether AI can be considered a legal entity entitled to rights within the Colombian legal system. The issue arises from the need to adapt the traditional concept of a subject of rights, historically linked to human beings and more recently to natural persons, in order to assess whether AI can be recognized, due to its decision-making capacity and autonomy, as an independent legal entity, even with the possibility of selfrepresentation in court. The methodology used was qualitative, based on normative, doctrinal, and jurisprudential analysis at both the national and international levels, especially from jurisdictions with advanced regulatory frameworks for emerging technologies. As a result, it is concluded that, although there is currently no regulatory framework that allows AI to be considered a subject of rights with full procedural capacity, technological advances and legal precedents make it possible to project this possibility as a necessary and urgent legal debate. Thus, the study proposes a critical reflection on the evolution of law in the face of the challenges posed by artificial intelligence and its eventual autonomous participation in judicial proceedings.
Artificial intelligence (AI) has taken on a leading role in many areas of everyday life, especially in the legal field. Based on this transformation, this research asks whether AI can be considered a legal entity entitled to rights within the Colombian legal system. The issue arises from the need to adapt the traditional concept of a subject of rights, historically linked to human beings and more recently to natural persons, in order to assess whether AI can be recognized, due to its decision-making capacity and autonomy, as an independent legal entity, even with the possibility of selfrepresentation in court. The methodology used was qualitative, based on normative, doctrinal, and jurisprudential analysis at both the national and international levels, especially from jurisdictions with advanced regulatory frameworks for emerging technologies. As a result, it is concluded that, although there is currently no regulatory framework that allows AI to be considered a subject of rights with full procedural capacity, technological advances and legal precedents make it possible to project this possibility as a necessary and urgent legal debate. Thus, the study proposes a critical reflection on the evolution of law in the face of the challenges posed by artificial intelligence and its eventual autonomous participation in judicial proceedings.
Palabras clave
Inteligencia artificial, Sujeto de derechos, Representación legal, Capacidad procesal, Artificial intelligence, Subject of rights, Legal representation, Procedural capacity